About the authors iv Preface iv Acknowledgements v Section 1: General: Physical constants, units and symbols 1 The International System of Units (SI) 3 2 SI derived units commonly used in chemistry 3 3 Fundamental constants (revised 2010) 4 4 Common conversion factors 4 5 The Greek alphabet 5 6 Numerical prefixes 5 7 Decimal fractions and multiples 6 Section 2: The elements 8 Ground state electronic configurations of the elements 9 9 Properties of the elements 14 10 Properties and applications of some common radioisotopes 22 11 Electronegativities of the elements (Pauling scale) 24 12 Enthalpies of melting, vaporisation and atomisation of the elements 25 13 First ionisation enthalpies (Ei1) of the elements 27 14 Successive ionisation enthalpies (Ein) of the elements 29 15 Electron affinities (Eea) of the elements 31 Section 3: Inorganic compounds 16 Properties of elements and inorganic compounds 35 17 Some crystal forms 84 18 Shapes of some molecules and ions 87 19 Bond lengths 88 20 Average bond enthalpies 89 21 Lattice enthalpies of ionic crystals 89 22 Stability constants of complex ions 90 23 Solubility products 91 Section 4: Organic compounds 24 Some important organic functional groups 95 25 Properties of organic compounds 97 26 Properties of amino acids 120 27 Properties of solvents 123 28 Miscibility of solvents 125 29 Boiling temperature elevation and freezing temperature depression constants 126 30 Critical constants and triple points 127 Section 5: Spectroscopic data 31 The spectral energies 131 32 Infrared absorption frequencies 131 33 NMR chemical shifts 132 34 Chemical shifts and multiplicities of residual protons in deuterated NMR solvents 132 35 NMR chemical shifts of common solvents in a variety of deuterated NMR solvents 133 36 Important NMR-active nuclei 137 37 Common singly charged (z = 1) fragments detected by mass spectrometry 137 Section 6: Properties of acids and bases 38 Dissociation constants of acids and hydrated metal ions 141 39 Aqueous concentrations of common acids 142 40 Common acid?base indicators 143 41 Common buffers 143 42 Buffering ranges of some common biological buffers (0.1 m) 144 Section 7: Properties of aqueous solutions 43 Ionic properties of water 149 44 Molar conductivities of aqueous solutions at 298 K 149 45 Ionic molar conductivities at infinite dilution at 298 K 149 46 Solubility of gases in water 150 47 Vapour pressure and density of water and mercury at different temperatures 150 48 Densities of aqueous solutions at 298 K 151 Section 8: Electrochemistry 49 Standard electrode potentials and redox equilibria in aqueous solution 155 50 Potentials of common reference electrodes at 298 K 159 51 Conversion factors (mV) between common reference electrodes in acetonitrile 160 Section 9: Appendices 52 Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) 163 53 Interpretation of a material safety data sheet (MSDS) 165 54 Common formulae and definitions 173 References 176 Index 181