Introduction AS Level Part 1: Basic economic ideas Chapter 1 Introducing economics 1.1 The economic problem 1.2 The production possibility curve 1.3 Some key economic ideas Part 2: The price system and the theory of the firm Chapter 2 The nature of demand 2.1 The demand curve 2.2 The determinants of demand Chapter 3 The nature of supply 3.1 The supply curve 3.2 The determinants of supply Chapter 4 Market equilibrium and the price system 4.1 Market equilibrium 4.2 Examples of markets 4.3 Comparative statics 4.4 Elasticity: the sensitivity of demand and supply Chapter 5 Prices and resource allocation 5.1 The role of prices in allocating resources 5.2 Prices and consumers 5.3 Prices and producers Part 3: Government intervention in the price system Chapter 6 Externalities and cost-benefit analysis 6.1 What is an externality? 6.2 Examples of externalities 6.3 Dealing with externalities 6.4 Social cost-benefit analysis Chapter 7 Market failure and government intervention 7.1 Private goods and public goods 7.2 Merit and demerit goods 7.3 Government intervention Part 4: International trade Chapter 8 Trade and specialisation 8.1 The importance of international trade 8.2 Trade liberalisation or protectionism? 8.3 Economic integration 8.4 The balance of payments Part 5: Theory and measurement in the macroeconomy Chapter 9 Measuring macroeconomic performance 9.1 Macroeconomic performance 9.2 Measuring the price level 9.3 Employment and unemployment Chapter 10 Aggregate demand, aggregate supply and macroeconomic equilibrium 10.1 Aggregate demand 10.2 Aggregate supply 10.3 Macroeconomic equilibrium Part 6: Macroeconomic problems Chapter 11 Inflation 11.1 The experience of inflation 11.2 Causes of inflation 11.3 Consequences of inflation Chapter 12 The balance of payments and the exchange rate 12.1 The balance of payments 12.2 The exchange rate and international competitiveness 12.3 The determination of exchange rates 12.4 Balance of payments problems Part 7: Macroeconomic policies Chapter 13 Policies at the macroeconomic level 13.1 Targets of macroeconomic policy 13.2 Inflation 13.3 The macroeconomic policy environment A Level Part 1: Basic economic ideas Chapter 14 Economic efficiency 14.1 Resource allocation and efficiency 14.2 The working of a market economy Part 2: The price system and the theory of the firm Chapter 15 Marginal utility 15.1 Marginal utility theory 15.2 Marginal utility and demand Chapter 16 Firms and how they operate 16.1 The nature of firms 16.2 The growth of firms 16.3 Costs and revenue for firms 16.4 Motivations of firms Chapter 17 Perfect competition and monopoly 17.1 Market structure 17.2 Perfect competition 17.3 Monopoly Chapter 18 Monopolistic competition and oligopoly 18.1 Monopolistic competition 18.2 Price discrimination 18.3 Oligopoly 18.4 Pricing strategies and contestable markets Chapter 19 Markets and resource allocation 19.1 Perfect competition and monopoly compared 19.2 Market concentration Chapter 20 The labour market 20.1 Demand for labour 20.2 Elasticity of the demand for labour 20.3 Labour supply 20.4 Labour market equilibrium 20.5 Labour markets 20.6 Education and the labour market 20.7 Market failure in labour markets 20.8 Trade unions Part 3: Government intervention in the price system Chapter 21 Market imperfections and microeconomic policy 21.1 Market failure 21.2 Dealing with imperfect competition 21.3 Natural monopoly and privatisation 21.4 Inequality in income and wealth Part 4: International trade There is no supplement for international trade Part 5: Theory and measurement in the macroeconomy Chapter 22 National income and money supply 22.1 Measuring national income 22.2 Money supply 22.3 The government budget Chapter 23 Modelling the economy 23.1 Monetarist and Keynesian approaches to the macroeconomy 23.2 A Keynesian approach to macroeconomic equilibrium 23.3 The multiplier and accelerator effects Chapter 24 Money and the economy 24.1 Money in the modern economy 24.2 Money and inflation Part 6: Macroeconomic problems Chapter 25 Economic growth 25.1 The nature of economic growth 25.2 GNI and growth 25.3 The importance of economic growth Chapter 26 Development and the less developed countries 26.1 Defining development 26.2 Which are the less developed countries? 26.3 Indicators of development 26.4 Characteristics of less developed countries 26.5 The structure of economic activity in LDCs 26.6 The diversity of less developed countries Chapter 27 Macroeconomic performance 27.1 Unemployment 27.2 Interrelated macroeconomic problems Part 7: Macroeconomic policies Chapter 28 Designing macroeconomic policy 28.1 Objectives of macroeconomic policy 28.2 Fiscal policy 28.3 Fiscal policy and the AD/AS model 28.4 Monetary policy 28.5 Exchange rate policy 28.6 Supply-side policy 28.7 Conflicts between policy objectives Chapter 29 Policies to promote development 29.1 Problems facing less developed countries 29.2 The Harrod-Domar model 29.3 Institutions and development 29.4 The role of external resources in development 29.5 Overseas assistance 14.2 The working of a market economy Glossary Index